• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Device for calibrating laser distance meters, whose calibration system comprises a target plate (Pd), a standard apparatus consists of a laser follower (LT), between which the device (1) is interposed, comprising means for fixing a spherical probe (3) of the laser follower (LT), of the distance meter (9) to be calibrated and of a reference plate (5) of the distance meter to be calibrated (9), and a specular surface (8), facing the laser follower (LT)) and its feeler (3), which is arranged just halfway between the reference plate (5) and the feeler (3) and is perpendicular to the line (Lb) that passes through said plate (5) and by said probe (3), in such a way that the distance (D1) of the point of impact (Pih) of the tracker beam (HT) on the specular surface (8) is equal to the distance between said point (Pih) and the spherical probe (3). (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2692168A1
    申请号:ES201730740
    申请日:2017-05-30
    公开日:2018-11-30
    发明作者:Angel MUÑOZ BUSTILLO；Fernando GOMEZ ESTEFANIA；Domingo LIMA ALMEIDA；Luis Oscar MONTERO GARRIDO
    申请人:Equipos Nucleares S A S M E；Equipos Nucleares SA SME；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    DESCRIPTION

    Device and method for calibrating laser distance meters.

    Object of the invention 5

    Laser distance meters are hand instruments that allow measuring a range of up to 200 m distance, with an accuracy of the order of 1 mm. To make a measurement, the distance meter is placed at the point where the user would hold the measuring tape and the laser is pointed to the point where the other end of the tape would be, so these devices save a lot of time and can be used by a single person, and they are more precise, avoid measurement errors and generally have an interface that allows them to send measurements directly to a computer for further processing. The only problem with these devices is that they must be periodically calibrated so that their accuracy is stipulated. fifteen

    Thus, the object of the invention is a device that allows the calibration of a laser distance meter quickly, and which also does not have large technical requirements. This device works according to a method to perform this calibration that could also be used in related devices or devices in an advantageous manner since it does not require existing facilities to achieve a degree of precision equivalent to current methods.

    Background of the invention
     25
    Some of the procedures used to calibrate electro-optical distance meters are found in the report of the EURAMET L-20 (European Association of National Metrology Institutes) (file: /// C: / Users / Supervisor / Downloads / EURAMET.L-S20.pdf) where measuring equipment is required that includes an interferometric bench, located in an underground laboratory with air temperature and humidity control, which consists of two parallel lanes on which a car is mounted with ball bearings that moves along them, measuring their location by means of the interferometer. For the calibration of laser distance meters (EDM) at the opposite end to which the laser interferometer is located, it is considered as a fixed reference plate and is adjusted perpendicular to the laser beam. Next to the reference plate is an adjustable base 35 for the EDM instrument with which it can be adjusted in a parallel point and coincident with
    the interferometer measuring arm. The target plate is also adjusted perpendicular to the laser beam, to avoid Abbe errors. To perform the calibration, first, the reference interferometer is set to zero when the target plate and the reference plate are in contact, then the EDM is positioned and adjusted at its base, pressing the EDM back surface slightly against the reference surface 5 behind it. Then, both instruments move in unison on said rails in a straight line and thus the measurements of the readings of both devices in selected locations are collected, to check the existing deviations in the nominal locations.
     10
    These calibration systems require a large installation, which in most cases has 50m in length and precise control of air temperature and humidity; but despite this, due to the method used, there are calibration errors due to the Abbe principle being followed, so there is always some millimeter uncertainty in the compensation adjustment necessary for the deviation of the length due to the separation between the cars that move the two measuring devices. As established by the Abbe principle, maximum accuracy can be obtained only when the pattern is in line with the axis of the piece being measured; since, when the axis of one and another instrument is not coincident, the minimum inclination of the target plate causes a distance of the impact points between both measuring devices that cause an added error in any reading made with them.

    Description of the invention

    The device for calibrating laser distance meters object of the invention proposes, on the one hand, to be able to perform the calibration in any open space, without the need to perform an installation of displacement rails for the instruments (standard and to be calibrated), nor another installation as complex like existing ones, and calibration can be performed even on a surface that is not horizontal. Another objective of the invention is to completely eliminate the error of the systems that follow the Abbe principle, since it is possible to match the axes of the standard instrument and the instrument to be calibrated and therefore this type of error is eliminated.

    In order to achieve the proposed objectives and avoid the drawbacks mentioned in the previous section, the invention proposes a device with the characteristics of claim 1.

    The method of the invention uses as a standard apparatus a laser tracking system, better known for its English translation "laser tracker". These devices use spheres that include a reflector as probes and so, when the system sends a laser beam to a steric reflector and through light waves the distance between the tracker 5 (tracker) and the reflector mirror located in the sphere is calculated , while indicating in real time the position of the reflector. These devices can reach an accuracy of 10 μm at a distance of 80 m, so they are suitable as standards in the measurement of length; In addition, they allow fast and highly accurate measurements and transfer the results directly to a computer for processing, which also saves costs and improves quality.

    According to another important feature of the invention, with this method it is achieved that the beam emitting distance meter to be calibrated coincides with the beam of the laser tracker in order to eliminate the error of the systems that follow the Abbe principle. fifteen

    Although for the execution of this method it is necessary to mount the laser tracker pattern and the distance meter to be calibrated in a certain way, a device such as that described in the present invention is not necessarily required; although it is highly recommended since this assembly is carried out quickly and accurately and also the device is manageable and precise.

    The method for calibrating laser distance meters provides a first assembly phase of: a target plate and a standard device, which as we have already said consists of a laser tracker, whose spherical probe fixes a point facing the same side as the tracker and 25 facing a specular surface, located in a divergent position with respect to the beam of the follower. The distance meter to be calibrated is placed behind said specular surface, next to the reference plate, which must be placed at a distance from the point of impact of the follower beam on the specular surface that is equal to the distance between said point and the spherical probe; likewise, the distance meter to be calibrated is positioned in such a way that the beam that it emits coincides with the beam of the laser tracker. For this method to work properly, the specular surface must be just half the distance between the distance meter reference plate and the follower probe and must also be perpendicular to the line passing through said reference plate and through said follower probe. 35

    During calibration, it moves from the distance meter to be calibrated, together with the follower probe and both mounted in the situation indicated in the previous paragraph, in which the beam emitting the distance meter coincides with the laser follower beam and both at the same point of the target plate, from the destination plate to approach the laser tracker that acts as a pattern, or vice versa, making successive measurements on the 5 laser follower and on the distance meter to be calibrated, which measure the distances existing respectively between the follower and its probe (which as we have already indicated coincides with the distance between the follower and the reference plate of the distance meter to be calibrated) and between the distance meter and the target plate, observing for the calibration the deviation between the difference between the measured reference distance between the laser tracker and the target plate and the measurement indicated by the laser tracker itself, with respect to the dist old measured by the distance meter with respect to the target plate.

    Description of the figures
     fifteen
    The features and advantages of the present invention will become more clearly apparent from the following description, relating to a preferred embodiment provided by way of illustration and not limitation, and referring to the accompanying schematic drawings, in which it has been represented the following:
     twenty
    Figure 1 shows a perspective view of the device (1) of the present invention, intended to calibrate a distance meter (9).

    Figure 2 represents a side elevation view of the previous device (1).
     25
    Figure 3 schematically shows the arrangement of the elements necessary to calibrate a distance meter (9) following the method of the present invention.

    Preferred Embodiment of the Invention
     30
    As can be seen in the referenced figures, the device (1) for calibrating laser distance meters of the present invention is used in combination with a target plate (Pd) and a standard apparatus which, according to one of the main characteristics of the method of the invention which will be described in more detail below, consists of a laser follower (LT), this device (1) being placed between the target plate (Pd) 35 and the follower (LT).

    This device (1) has a structure with a “Y” configuration, in which two branches (11) and (13) are observed in a straight line, which respectively define the support areas of the probe (3) of the laser tracker (LT) ) and on the other of the distance meter set (9) and reference plate (5) associated therewith. 5

    The branch (11) defines a first support table (4) for the spherical probe (3) of the laser follower (LT), which is fixed facing the same side as said follower (LT) facing both towards a specular surface (8 ) located in a divergent position with respect to the follower beam (HT), with an angle such that the reflection of said beam (Ht) affects the spherical probe (3). To facilitate placement at the appropriate point, this support table (4) has micrometric adjustment means on at least two axes of a three-dimensional Cartesian system.

    The other branch (12) defines surfaces to fix on it, on the one hand a second support table (6) in which the distance meter (9) to be calibrated is fixed and, on the other, a third support table (15) for a reference plate (5) for said distance meter.

    The second support table (6) in which the distance meter (9) to be calibrated is fixed is located behind the specular surface (8) and in front of a reference plate (5); 20 comprising said base (6) of the instrument to be calibrated (9) micrometric adjustment means in at least two axes of a three-dimensional Cartesian system so that the beam emitted (Hd) coincides with the beam (HT) of the laser tracker and both coincide at the same point on the target plate (Pd).
     25
    The third support area (15) for a reference plate (5), on which the distance meter to be calibrated (9) is supported, also has micrometric adjustment means on at least two axes of a three-dimensional Cartesian system, which allow it to be placed at a distance (D1) from the point of impact (Pih) of the follower beam (HT) on the specular surface (8), which is equal to the distance (D2) between said point (Pih) and the probe spherical (3).

    The branch or intermediate arm (12) of the structure of the device (1) is located between the follower (LT) and the distance meter (9), in a divergent position with respect to the follower beam (HT) and is provided by the facing face to the follower (LT) and its probe (3) of a specular surface 35 (8), at an angle such that the reflection of said beam (Ht) affects the spherical probe
    (3). As shown in Figure 2, the specular surface (8) is located just half the distance between the reference plate (5) and the probe (3) and is perpendicular to the line (Lb) that passes through said plate (5) and by said probe (3). In this way, when the follower (LT) gives coordinates of the sphere (3) it is really giving the coordinates of the reference plate (5), hence, of the three coordinates of the space it is only necessary to handle one, since the other two are zero, since the reference plate (5) is on the axis formed by the beams (HT) of the follower and (Hd) of the distance meter. Depending on the point of incidence of the tracker on the specular surface (8) the distances D1 and D2 change, but the distance between the reference plate (5) and the probe (3) remains unchanged. With this simple ruse, the distance that the 10 follower (LT) is measured with respect to its probe (3) is the same as with respect to the reference plate (5).

    The bed of the device (1) has means for leveling and adjusting its inclination in two planes. On the one hand it rests on a base (2) on means (14) of micrometric regulation that allow its orientation in the direction of the X-axis of coordinates. On the other hand, said base (2) rests on regulation means (10) that allow leveling it or placing the device (1) in the agreed position.

    The method for calibrating laser distance meters of the invention is more easily understood in view of Figure 3. This method comprises a first assembly phase of all the elements necessary to perform the calibration:

    a) Firstly, the target plate (Pd) is placed in position at one of the ends of the measuring field, which as we have indicated must not necessarily be horizontal, and at the opposite end the standard apparatus, which as we have already indicated repeatedly consists of a laser follower (LT). The follower is oriented to the target plate and the reference measurement (Dref) is taken.

    b) Secondly, the reference plate (5) of the distance meter 30 (9) and the spherical probe (3) are mounted in a position such that the distances of both with respect to the impact point (Pih) of the beam of the follower (HT) in the specular surface (8) are equal (D1 = D2) and in which the line (Lb) that joins the reference plate (5) and the spherical probe (3) is perpendicular to the specular surface (8). The spherical probe (3) must be fixed on the support (4) facing the same side as the follower (LT) and facing the specular surface (8).

    c) With the device in this position, the distance meter to be calibrated (9) is mounted, attached to the reference plate (5) and consequently behind the specular surface (8), for this purpose it is placed on an adjustable base ( 6), which graduates until the beam emitted by the distance meter (Hd) passes through the reference plate and hits the same point on the target plate (Pd), so that in this position it would coincide with the beam (HT) of the laser tracker (LT), if it is not diverted by the mirror (8) to the probe (3).

    The calibration phase is carried out by moving the device (1), support of the distance meter to be calibrated (9), with its reference plate (5), and the probe (3), mounted in the indicated situation, in which the beam which emits the distance meter (Hd) coincides with the beam (HT) of the laser tracker and both impact at the same point on the target plate (Pd), from the destination plate (Pd) until approaching the laser follower that acts as a pattern , or vice versa, in selected locations, making measurements with the laser tracker (LT) 15 and in the distance meter to be calibrated (9), which respectively measure the distance (Dt and Dm), which correspond respectively to:
    - Dt. Distance between the follower (LT) and its probe (3) (which coincides with the distance between the follower and the reference plate (5) of the distance meter (9) to be calibrated).
    - Dm. Distance between the reference plate (5) of the distance meter (9) and the destination plate (Pd).

    For calibration, the deviations in the nominal locations between the difference between the reference distance (Dref), measured between the laser tracker (LT) and the target plate (Pd) and the measurement indicated by the laser tracker itself ( Dt), with respect to the distance measured by the distance meter (Dm) with respect to the target plate. That is, the deviations of this equation are checked: Dm = Dref - Dt

    Once the nature of the invention has been sufficiently described, as well as a preferred embodiment, it is stated for the appropriate purposes that the materials, shape, size and arrangement of the elements described may be modified, provided that this does not imply alteration of the essential features of the invention claimed below:

    35
    权利要求:
    Claims (9)
    [1]

    1.- Device for calibrating laser distance meters, whose calibration system comprises a target plate (Pd), a standard device consists of a laser follower (LT), between which the device (1) is interposed, which is characterized by comprises: 5
    a) a first support table (4) of a spherical probe (3) of the laser tracker (LT), which is fixed facing the same side as said follower (LT) facing a specular surface (8) located in a divergent position with respect to the follower beam (HT), with an angle such that the reflection of said beam (Ht) affects the spherical probe (3); 10
    b) a second support table (6) in which the distance meter (9) to be calibrated is fixed, located behind the specular surface (8) and in front of a reference plate (5); said base (6) of the instrument to be calibrated (9) adjusting means so that the beam it emits (Hd) coincides with the beam (HT) of the laser tracker (LT) and both impact on the same point on the plate of destination (Pd); fifteen
    c) a third support table (15) for a reference plate (5), on which the distance meter to be calibrated (9) is supported, which is located at a distance (D1) from the impact point (Pih) of the follower beam (HT) on the specular surface (8), which is equal to the distance between said point (Pih) and the spherical probe (3);
    d) an intermediate branch (12), located in a divergent position with respect to the beam of the follower (HT), provided with a specular surface (8) on the face facing the laser follower (LT) and its probe (3), which it is arranged just half the distance between the reference plate (5) and the probe (3) and is perpendicular to the line (Lb) that passes through said plate (5) and said probe (3).
     25
    [2]
    2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the support table (4) of the spherical probe (3) of the laser tracker (LT), has micrometric adjustment means in at least two axes of a three-dimensional Cartesian system.

    [3]
    3. Device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support table (6) of the distance meter to be calibrated (9) has micrometric adjustment means in at least two axes of a three-dimensional Cartesian system.

    [4]
    4. Device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the support table (15) of the reference plate (5) has micrometric adjustment means in at least two axes of a three-dimensional Cartesian system.

    [5]
    5. Device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bed of the device (1) rests on a base (2) on micrometric adjustment means that allow its orientation in the direction of the X-axis of coordinates. 5

    [6]
    6. Device, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bed of the device (1) is supported on a base (2) on regulation means (10) that allow leveling said base (2).
     10
    [7]
    7.- Method for calibrating laser distance meters, comprising:
    a) an assembly phase of: a target plate (Pd) and a standard device, consists of a laser tracker (LT), whose spherical probe (3) is fixed is fixed at a point, facing the same side as the follower (LT) and facing a specular surface (8), located in a divergent position with respect to the follower beam (HT); 15 while the distance meter to be calibrated (9) is placed behind said specular surface (8), next to a reference plate (5), which is located at a distance (D1) from the beam impact point (Pih) of the follower (HT) on the specular surface (8), which is equal to the distance (D2) between said point (Pih) and the spherical probe (3), placing the instrument to be calibrated (9) so that the beam that this emits (Hd) coincides with the beam (HT) of the laser tracker; the specular surface (8) being located just half the distance between the reference plate (5) and the probe (3) and perpendicular to the line (Lb) that passes through said plate (5) and said probe (3).
    b) a calibration phase in which it moves from the distance meter to be calibrated (9), 25 together with the probe (3) and both mounted in the indicated situation, in which the beam emitted (Hd) coincides with the beam (HT) of the laser tracker and both at the same point on the target plate (Pd), from the destination plate (Pd) until approaching the laser follower that acts as a pattern, or vice versa, making successive measurements on the laser tracker ( LT) and in the distance meter to be calibrated (9), 30 measuring the distance (Dt and Dm) respectively between the follower (LT) and its probe (3) (which coincides with the distance between the follower and the plate (5) ) in which the distance meter (9) to be calibrated is referenced) and between the distance meter (9) and the target plate (Pd), observing for the calibration the deviation between the difference between the reference distance (Dref), measured between the laser tracker (LT) 35 and the target plate (Pd) and the measurement indicated by the pro pio laser follower (Dt), with
    with respect to the distance measured by the distance meter (Dm) with respect to the target plate (Pd).

    [8]
    8. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the assembly phase provides for the use of a device (1) that has means for fixing the distance meter to be calibrated (9), of its reference plate (5) and of the probe (3) of the follower (LT), while the calibration phase provides for the movement of said device (1) at intermediate points between the target plate (Pd) and the follower (LT), or vice versa.

    [9]
    9. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that the assembly phase of the distance meter to be calibrated (9), its reference plate (5) and the probe (3) of the follower (LT) in the device (1 ) includes the following stages:
    a) placing the reference plate (5) and the spherical probe (3) in a position such that the distances of both with respect to the point of impact (Pih) of the follower beam (HT) on the specular surface (8) are equal (D1 = D2) and in which the line (Lb) that joins the reference plate (5) and the spherical probe (3) is perpendicular to the specular surface (8);
    b) placement of the distance meter to be calibrated (9), attached to the reference plate (5), behind the specular surface (8), adjusting its position until the beam emitted by the distance meter (Hd) passes through the plate reference 5) and by the same point of 20 the target plate (Pd), in such a way that in this position it would coincide with the beam (HT) of the laser tracker (LT), if it was not deflected by the mirror (8) towards the probe (3).
    25
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    法律状态:
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    ES201730740A|ES2692168B2|2017-05-30|2017-05-30|Device and method for calibrating laser distance meters.|ES201730740A| ES2692168B2|2017-05-30|2017-05-30|Device and method for calibrating laser distance meters.|
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